~~~ Origins: Christianity Versus Science ~~~
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The Biblical Narrative:
By God's command was brought forth everything that is seen and unseen in six literal days:
- Day 1: "Let there be light..." He separated the light from the darkness. The light he called "day," and the darkness he called "night."
- Day 2: "Let there be a vault between the waters..." He separated the water under the vault from the water above it and he called the vault "sky."
- Day 3: "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." The land produced vegetation: plants and trees that bear fruit.
- Day 4: "Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night." He made two great lights - the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars.
- Day 5: "Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky."
- Day 6: "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds... And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures... I give every green plant for food."
Then God said, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness..." In the image of God he created them; male and female he created them... to rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature.
The Book of Genesis, Chapter 1.
Some Biblical scholars who insist on the literal creation timeline, using the genealogical and historical books of the Old Testament, have calculated the age of the universe and planet earth to be about 6000 years old.
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The Scientific Narrative:
The Big Bang Theory stands as the most widely accepted [scientific] explanation for the origin of the universe.
- The universe began about 13.8 billion years ago as an infinitely small, hot, and dense point, which rapidly expanded and continues to expand. The age of the universe is determined by measuring the rate at which it is expanding and extrapolating back to the Big Bang.
- Particles like protons and neutrons, which together make up atomic nuclei, came into existence around one ten - thousandth of a second after the Big Bang.
- Of the elements that formed within the first minutes after the Big Bang, 95% percent were hydrogen and 5% were helium. The very early universe contained no heavier elements which were formed much later in the cores of stars.
- The first stars likely appeared around 100 million years after the Big Bang when dense regions of hydrogen and helium collapsed under their own gravitational pull beginning the process of nuclear fusion.
- Planetary systems first formed about 1 billion years after the big bang. These necessarily required the presence of heavier elements which came from the fusion of atomic nuclei in stars and supernova explosions.
- Our solar system formed about 9 billion years after the big bang. it is considered to be a third - generation star system.
- The earliest life forms on Earth were microscopic organisms that left signs of their presence in rocks about 10 billion years after the Big Bang. The ancestors of human beings arose about 300,000 years ago or about the last 0.002% of the history of the universe.
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The Evidence:
These are the currently accepted ideas supporting the scientific narrative:
- The vastness of the observable universe is roughly 46.5 billion light-years away in any direction from Earth. When astronomers view the stars with telescopes they are actually looking back in time. The light from stars nearer to Earth take less time to reach the Earth than those much farther away.
- The measurement of light-years is based on the fact that the speed of light in a vacuum (299,792,458 meters per second) is considered the maximum speed in the universe, meaning nothing can travel faster than it.
- Fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, take millions of years to form. These are the remains of ancient plants and animals that died and were buried under layers of sediment, and transformed as they were compressed under heat and pressure.
- Animals and plants that lived long ago are now found fossilized in rocks. The age of these fossils is determined primarily through two methods: relative dating which compares the fossil to other fossils in nearby rock layers, and radiometric dating which uses the decay of radioactive isotopes within the rock or fossil itself.
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The Christian Counterpoint:
People who adhere to the Biblical narrative for the origin of the universe and of life do not need evidentiary proof. They accept the Genesis account by faith and to support this they quote 2 Timothy 3:16: "All Scripture is given by inspiration of God." In other words, they take this to mean that everything written in the Bible is infallible truth.
- The authors of the Bible, and ancient people in general, had no concept of the vastness of the universe. For them the celestial bodies were lights fixed on a single plane and as such the light from them appeared on earth in the same moment.
- Some Christians who hold creationist views believe that fossil fuels were made present at the same time as the Earth's creation. Others explain it as the the rapid burial of large amounts of organic matter during the Biblical flood of Noah, which some date about 2,348 BC.
- The great flood is also used to explain the presence of fossilized animals and plants where rapid sedimentation buried organisms and led to fossilization; this view is often referred to as "Flood Geology".
- Creationists believe that God created the dinosaurs and that most dinosaurs were destroyed in the flood. It is interesting to note that the Bible has nothing to say about any of these points.
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On the Subject of Biology:
Some Christians take on the creation account believe that animals and humans were made to have a strictly vegetarian diet. "to all the creatures... I give every green plant for food." Genesis 1:29-30 The explanation they offer as to why this is not now the case is that everything changed after Adam and Eve sinned when they ate from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil which they were commanded not to do. Unsurprisingly however, the Bible has nothing to say in support of this explanation. It does say this: "The lions roar for their prey and seek their food from God." Psalm 104:21 So the Christian answer to this question, like many that they make to fit their ideology, simply has no validity. Even from a brief study of animal species it is evident that some animals are herbivores while others are physically equipped to prey on other animals.
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Religion and Science Can Coexist:
I have a message for the Christian faith: Science is not your enemy. While it is true there are scientists, and non-scientists as well, who identify as atheists, it comes down to a personal decision based not entirely on definitive evidence. Science, as a subject of study, is not involved in proving or disproving the existence of any supernatural being. The purpose of science is to systematically gain knowledge and understanding of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis, aiming to explain how the universe works based on evidence. In conclusion: If Christianity wants to become more relevant in the future it should acknowledge and include the role of science in understanding the world we live in. The reception of this by many Christians might be quite surprising.
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